Politics and Love in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Anton

Politics and Love in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra Although the political struggles in Antony and Cleopatra are often treated as backdrops to the supposedly more engaging love affair between the two title characters, these struggles permeate the entire play, and give the love story its heightened sense of importance and tragedy. The relationship between Antony and Cleopatra would not have attained its renown and immortality had they not had been extremely powerful and public figures. The conflict between public duty and personal desire is the underlying theme of the play, and how the characters respond to this conflict is what imbues the play with suspense and interest. This conflict is most clearly seen in Antony who is caught between his role as a triumvir of Rome and his love for the Egyptian Queen. By allowing his all-consuming passion to overwhelm his sense of responsibility, he loses his half of the empire to Octavian. Octavian, on the other hand, consistently places the interests of the state before his own. Although he is cal culating, shrewd, and unscrupulous, all of his thoughts are devoted to the ruling of Rome; politics is his one interest, and power his only obsession. Cleopatra as ruler is often treated secondarily to Cleopatra as seductress and lover. While most of the obvious power struggle is between Antony and Octavian, one cannot ignore Cleopatra's involvement. Throughout the play, and particularly at the end, she demonstrates an acute political awareness as she does her utmost to secure what is best for Egypt. In a play with three powerful figures it is expected that political motivations be never far from the foreground or from the characters' minds. Antony's conflict is succinctly described at th... ...ads and embodies. Question of politics and duty are present throughout Antony and Cleopatra, and the love story cannot be considered independently of them. The private emotions of the characters are influenced by the public world that they inhabit, and their actions are not only the actions of individuals, but also of powerful leaders. WORKS CITED Bradley, A.C. "Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra". Shakespeare: Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. John Russell Brown. London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1968. Greenblatt et al., ed. Antony and Cleopatra. The Norton Shakespeare: Tragedies. New York: W.W. Norton and Company Inc. 1997. Holloway, John. "The Action of Antony and Cleopatra. Shakespeare: Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. John Russell Brown. London: MacMillan Press Ltd. 1968. Lissner, Ivar. The Caesars: Might and Madness. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1958.

To what extent did Fascist governments rely on fear to stay in power 1933 – 1939?

On January 30th 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. By the mid 1930's he was almost in complete control of Germany and had created a one-party state. The Nazis maintained power from 1933-1939 not only because of fear but because of a combination of reasons. Their consolidation of power played a vital role as did their large lack of opposition and also their popular policies that appealed to a wide band of Germans. After being appointed chancellor of Germany, Hitler found himself in a very weak position. Out of the twelve ministers in the cabinet only two were members of the Nazis. Also, the Nazis did not control a majority of the Reichstag; they had only gained 33% in the November 1932 elections. And finally, President Hindenburg who had appointed Hitler as Chancellor could dismiss him at any time. The Nazis relied on terror considerably to maintain their regime. The Gestapo were the official secret police of Germany; they were in charge of denunciations. They taught German citizens to spy on their neighbours and report anything that seemed â€Å"unusual†. The Gestapo would act even if there was no valid evidence. They could arrest anyone they wished and even send them to concentration camps. This made many Germans fear the Gestapo. The SS were a protective squadron for the Nazis. They were able to keep â€Å"special prisoners† under â€Å"protective custody†. Thousands of Germans were sent to concentration camps. The SS also acted as prison officers at concentration camps, effectively running them. The SS were used to take charge of the programme of genocide against the Jews. Throughout Germany, many people were afraid that the persecution of the Jews would happen to them. Jewish shops were boycotted, Jews were barred from teaching and following the Nuremburg Laws in 1935, Jews were no longer counted as German citizens. The public now knew how Nazis dealt with â€Å"problems†. Overall, the Nazis created a large atmosphere of fear throughout Germany; this helped them to stay in power as Germans stuck to the rules through fear of punishment and also fear of the general public spying on them. However, there were other reasons for the control of Germans, one of which was the establishment of a Dictatorship. From the very beginning of the regime the Nazis consolidated their power. Less than a month after Hitler's appointment the Reichstag fire took place. On the 27th February 1933, the Reichstag head quarters were burnt down. A Dutch communist called Marinus Van Der Lubbe was given the blame. Hitler exploited this event, claiming it was a communist conspiracy against the state and it was the start of the communist revolution. After this the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State was passed. President Hindenburg believed Hitler's claims of the communist revolution beginning and signed the decree. There were four main terms, the first was to arrest the enemies of the state, the second was to suspend the rights of free speech and assembly, the third was censorship and the final term was the right of the Chancellors to take over the powers of the state in emergencies. The March election of 1933 was neither fair nor free and was also illegal by the standards of parliamentary democracy. The Nazis gained 43. 9% and won 233 seats, this was mainly because the SPD and KPD were banned from participating. Also in March of 1933 the Enabling Act was passed. This gave Hitler the right to act without reference to the Reichstag. Hitler proposed he should be allowed to govern alone for 4 years. This was the first step to Hitler becoming a dictator. In July 1933, Hitler passed a law creating a one party state with the Nazis as the only party in the Reichstag. Ernst Rohm, the leader of the SA was seen as a large threat to Hitler as he had plans to unite the SA and the German army. However, Hitler wanted to keep the army loyal to him and was fearful that Rohm would overthrow him if his plan went ahead. Thus he decided to purge the SA this was called the Night of the Long Knives. The SS shot approximately 400 people, yet only admitted to 77. One of those murdered was Ernst Rohm. This further consolidated Hitler's power and kept the army on his side. In August 1934, President Hindenburg died. Hitler declined the role of President, claiming it would always be associated with the Great War hero Hindenburg. Hitler decided to be known as Fuhrer. By doing this, Hitler avoided limitations on his power by a constitution. Thus, almost two years after being appointed chancellor, Hitler was now Fuhrer of a one-party state, with virtually unlimited political power. This consolidation of power contributed largely to the Nazis staying in power as Hitler was now seen a strong leader, this gained a lot of support. After becoming Fuhrer, Hitler took control of all state and national institutions. This process was known as the Gleichschaltung (Co-ordination). In May 1933, trade unions were banned and replaced by the Nazi Labour Front. In addition, they banned strikes and if anybody opposed they would be dealt with. The Nazis purged the Civil Service and the Police of any opposition; everyone was replaced with loyal Nazis. Furthermore, The German courts were now under political control and had no independence. The Education and Youth organisations provided by the Nazis were regarded as critical. The Hitler youth was created as Hitler wanted the children to continue his supposed 1000 year Reich. All anti-Nazis were fired and all remaining teachers had to join the Nazi teachers' league. Finally, the Catholic Church signed a â€Å"concordat† with the Nazis in June 1933. They agreed that the church would recognise the Nazi regime and the Nazis would not interfere with the churches beliefs and teachings. Overall, the process of Gleichschaltung further consolidated Hitler's power over Germany because he now controlled all of the organisations and institutions. This contributed towards the Nazis staying in power and shows that fear was not the only reason. The Nazis regime existed and was maintained not solely through dictatorship and terror. Many of the Nazis' policies were popular throughout Germany and the regime had a large amount of genuine support from many German people. †¦. WRITE SOMETHING HERE!! Hitler faced no real opposition, this was due to many different reasons. Organised opposition to the Nazis became almost impossible after the one-party state was created. Many Germans were happy to accept Hitler's rule and so there did not oppose as they provided a strong government. Nazi propaganda was extremely effective, the Nazis created the cult of Hitler, this emphasised the superiority of the Germans over other races. Finally, the protestant and catholic churches did not oppose the Nazis mainly because the Nazis had crushed the communists and they did not want to suffer the same fate. Almost all opposition had been demolished; this helped the Nazis stay in power as it prevented anyone from opposing and gave them no rivalry. There is no denying that fear played a central role in Hitler's maintain of power. The consolidation of power and the nazification process created a state which eliminated all possible opposition. The period of 1933-1939 was seen as a success for most Germans; Hitler was seen as responsible for restoring Germany's pride and had dealt with problems holding Germany down. By 1939, Hitler's popularity had increased and most Germans eagerly accepted Hitler, this was mainly due to fear but also due to the way Hitler had restored Germany and brought back respect.

Sovereign Nation Legal Issues On Law Enforcement - 1704 Words

Sovereign Nation Legal Issues on Law Enforcement Vichit J. Hausman CJCU 465 August 21, 2016 Mr. Courtemanche Sovereign Nation Legal Issues on Law Enforcement When you ask an average American what is sovereign nation or sovereign citizens extremist, most will likely answer you that they have no idea what that is. Law enforcement officers across the country are experiencing a growing number of contacts with Sovereign Citizens. Many local, states and federal law enforcement have been having problems with this group so call sovereign nation group. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) classifies sovereign citizens as domestic terrorists, which are scattered across the United States of America. Sovereign citizens are anti-government extremists who believe that even though they physically reside in this country, they are separate or â€Å"sovereign† from the United States (FBI, 2011). Ideology Many sovereign citizens don’t pay taxes and, they hold illegal courts that issue warrants for judges and police officers. They clog up the court system with frivolous lawsuits and liens known as â€Å"Paper Terrorism† against public officials to harass them, and they use fake money orders, personal checks, and operate fake businesses. They believe they don’t have to answer to any government authority, including courts, the IRS, motor vehicle departments, or law enforcement and, this causes all kinds of problems and crimes (FBI, 2011). They also commit murders, threaten judges, lawShow MoreRelatedCriminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country Tribal nations enjoy a unique legal position in the United States attributable to their sovereign status with built in powers of self-government. They also enjoy a special relationship with the federal government. 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Shakespeares Julius Caesar and Sophocles Antigone

Being noble and honorable go hand-in-hand because of their similar connotations: respect given to someone who is admired for their good reputation, high moral standards, courage and honesty. Many characters showed such traits in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and Antigone by Sophocles (for example, Brutus being known as an honorable man even by his enemies), but of all the characters in both plays, Antigones and Antonys acts of nobility are most prominent. While both Antigone and Antony exhibited noble characteristics, Antigone demonstrated the most honorable character due to her good intentions and integrity. Antony did not have such an elite status in his play up until Caesar died, but many peasants called Antony noble throughout Julius Caesar. For example, they said, Theres not a nobler man in Rome than Antony, (Shakespeare 3.2.114). Thus, Antony was considered noble even by the common man. His noble reputation was further established by his devout commitment to Caesar. Anto nys loyalty to Caesar is first made apparent when he offers Caesar the crown. Casca exclaimed, I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown, (Shakespeare 1.2.236-237) which is a simple gesture with a powerful message. It shows the people that Antony is no foe to Caesar and wishes to see his friend succeed as leader. No jealousy or scheme to overthrow Caesar was hinted at by Antony. Moreover, he vouched to die when Caesar did: I shall not find myself so apt to die; No place will please meShow MoreRelatedThe Burial at Thebes1234 Words   |  5 Pagesanother person and paying the price. Antigone went against the law of the land, set by the newly crowned King Creon. Antigone was passionate about doing right by her brother and burying him according to her religious beliefs even though Creon deemed him a traitor and ordered him to be left for the animals to devour. Creon was passionate about being king and making his mark from his new throne. Although they differed in their views, the passio n Creon and Antigone shared for those opinions was the sameRead MoreThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesand Sophocles (496-406 B.C., e.g. Oedipus Rex and Antigone). While Shakespeare probably did not know Greek tragedy directly, he would have been familiar with the Latin adaptations of Greek drama by the Roman (i.e. Latin-language) playwright Seneca (ca. 3 B.C.-65 A.D.; his nine tragedies include a Medea and an Oedipus) (Schwartz, 2005). Shakespeare never uses a mythological name or place name inaccurately, suggesting a genuine knowledge of the sources.† (Showerman, 2004). One of Shakespeare’s mostRead More The tragic in Antony and Cleopatra Essay3706 Words   |  15 Pagesthe fan To cool a gipsys lust. Antony and Cleopatra seems to have a special place in Shakespeares works because it is at a crossroad between two types of play. It clearly belongs to what are generally called the Roman plays, along with Coriolanus and Julius Caesar. But it is also considered a tragedy. The importance of history in the play cannot be denied, especially where it is compared to Shakespeares great tragedies such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. But one might wonder what is specificallyRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4514443 Words   |  18 PagesNow, Where Have I Seen Her Before? Intertextuality is the interrelationship of different texts and works of literature and how each text is shaped by another. A good example of how texts are created from the ideas and events of other texts is Shakespeare’s tragedy, Romeo and Juliet. The two fall in love, but cannot be together because of their feuding families. The ideas of love at first sight and forbidden love have inspired many young adult books. In Suzanne Collin’s The Hunger Games series, KatnissRead MoreEssay about Three Approaches to Coping with School Violence2647 Words   |  11 Pagestrying to â€Å"steal† from (so-and-so)? And—how does he or she try to â€Å"steal† it? Consider the questions in light of such pairs as these: Brutus and Caesar (from Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar), Pappy and Huck (from Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn), Jack and Ralph (from William Golding’s Lord of the Flies), Creon and Antigone (from Sophocles’ Ant igone), Ahab and the White Whale (from Herman Melville’s Moby Dick), the Socs and the Greasers (from S. E. Hinton’s The Outsiders), Norton and John

Americas War On Drugs - 1528 Words

America’s war on drugs has failed. After millions of dollars and untold man hours spent enforcing the prohibition of illegal drugs, there is little, if any, success to show for it. Illicit drugs are still available on most American street corners, drug usage rates have not decreased, and the scourge of drug related violence continues to spread like wildfire. Sadly, the war on drugs has also resulted in the incarceration of millions of Americans for petty possession offenses and has created a black market for illicit drugs upon which criminal organizations, such as the Mexican cartels and even the Taliban, thrive. Decriminalization of drugs is the only way America will ever be able to eradicate its drug problem. Imagine a country where drug users were treated instead of imprisoned, where drug usage rates perennially fell, and where diseases such as AIDS and Hepatitis C were in decline. This isn’t a fantasy, drug decriminalization policies have been proven to work and t hey’re America’s only answer to the drug epidemic. The official â€Å"war on drugs† was declared in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan and many government assets were put into play among all facets of society (Bagley, p. 1). The US military’s role in interdiction efforts increased, Congress approved tougher legislation against drug offenders, and public schools across the country were saturated with anti-drug educational materials from Nancy Reagan’s â€Å"Just Say No† campaign (Bagley, p. 1). In spite of all this, drugShow MoreRelated America’s Drug War Essay3563 Words   |  15 PagesThe War on Drugs, like the war on Terrorism, is a war that America may not be able to afford to win. For over forty years the United States has been fighting the War on Drugs and there is no end in sight. It has turned into a war that is about politics and economics rather than about drugs and criminals. 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Wiesel Interview Journal Free Essays

What acts of inhumanity are still occurring in the world? What lessons from the Holocaust still need to be learned? The Holocaust, which also known as Shah, was a genocide in which approximately 11 million people died, including 6 million Jews that were brutally abused and killed by the German military, under the command of Doll Hitler. This is a shameful and scandalous episode of humanity history, Is â€Å"Not of one crime but thousands of crimes done every day, not of one cruelty but millions of cruelties†, as an anonymous reviewer on Amazon stated. Ell Wisest, a survivor of this horrifying event, has published 47 books, Including his book Night which retelling his shocking experience, what he had to go through In the Auschwitz concentration camp. We will write a custom essay sample on Wiesel Interview Journal or any similar topic only for you Order Now He later won the Nobel Peace prize. Although concentration camps have been liberated by American troops In 1945, the consequences are still there. Survivors were badly affected by diseases, starvation, etc. There are still thousands of Inhumanity actions around the globe, even nowadays. For example, a few tribes allow men to rape young girls, which is against man’s rights. Also, human trafficking, torturing, school shootings, child abuse, etc. The infamous 201 2 Delhi gang rape in which the victim, Kyoto Sings Pander, was raped and murdered, died from her injuries 13 days later. This made people questioned about women’s rights in India. The incident was widespread throughout India and worldwide, uprising the numbers of protests against the state and central governments. So, we know that there are uncountable crimes are occurring in the world, and many of them are not being report or uncover Like Lie said in his interview with Opera, that â€Å"We must not forget about the victims [Holocaust’s victims] who had lay down, for the next generation. For ours, we hear you. † Lessons that still need to be learned from the Holocaust, are the importance of Holocaust remembrance, and the responsibility to bring war criminals to Justice. Ender each name was an identity, and beneath it was its own story. Every person has their own one, and we must not forget them. We must not forget the mass murder of 6 million Jews, including 1 million children. We must bring the murderers to the light of justice. Also, we must educate the younger generation about the Holocaust, to honor the victims’ name. To throw light on the still obscured shadows of the Holocaust. To plant the seeds of the better future amidst the soil of a bitter past. To respect those survivors who are still among us, and to reaffirm humanity’s common knowledge and about understanding and Justice. By hacking command of Doll Hitler. This is a shameful and scandalous episode of humanity’s history, is â€Å"Not of one crime but thousands of crimes done every day, not of one cruelty but millions of cruelties†, as an anonymous reviewer on Amazon stated. How to cite Wiesel Interview Journal, Papers

Are We Free free essay sample

What is freedom?Freedom, in terms of this paper that I am writing, is the ability to do whatever you want without being subjected for your actions.Freedom and the idea of free will is a constantly debated issue between psychologists today.Do we as individuals truly have a say for how our lives play out?How does our mind work and how do we make decisions in the first place?If our society believes that one must go to college and have an education in order to be successful, then that’s what we will do.If our society believes that the stronger you are, the more successful you are, then everyone will strive to be as strong as possible.If our society believes that in order to be successful, one must have the most stylish outfit, then everyone will strive to be clothing designers.This idea of conformity plays a huge role within societies. That in order to be â€Å"successful†, one must conform to what society perceives as â€Å"successful†.In this day and age, we value education.Therefore, the social norm is to try to be as smart as possible.In 100 B. C., societies like Sparta valued strength and bravery, therefore, everyone strived to be strong and brave.In this paper, I will argue that no matter what, nobody is truly â€Å"free† to do what they want with their life. One of the biggest issues of â€Å"freedom† is what should one be free to do and what one should not be free to do.As stated before, freedom is the ability that one may do whatever they like without being accountable for the results.Yet, the biggest grey area of â€Å"freedom† is how does one decide what one shouldn’t be free to do.For instance, everyone can agree that murder is wrong because of our common sense of morality, but, for example, what about other things such as gay marriage, marijuana use, and gun control.Let’s just talk about gay marriage for now.Within the entirety of the 1900’s, homosexuals constantly hid their true lifestyles because nobody accepted them in society.A homosexual would get fired from their job or discriminated for being gay.Therefore, society forced homosexuals to conform to what society deemed acceptable, and this lead to homosexuals either living unhappy lives or secretive ones.Furthermore, why did our American soc iety, the â€Å"free world†, have such harsh societal rules?One main cause for these social rules is that early America was mainly Christian, and Christianity saw homosexuals as a horrible deviation, which lead to the common belief that homosexuals are immoral.One may even see this point in Christians today when they are out picketing against LGBTQ events like Pride.Now, the question becomes, were these people who suppress homosexuals naturally born hating gays, or were they forced to conform to the societal rules of their church and family?If an individual is born into a Christian household and is forced to go to church with their Christian family, then that individual will be pushed down a path to believe whatever the church and family believes.Therefore, what one should be free to do and what one should not be free to do is completely decided upon society and the environment in which the individual is raised. Another point that should be discussed in order to understand freedom, is how does our unconscious mind work?In the article, â€Å"Do We Have Free Will?† by developmental, social, and cultural psychologist Seth Schwartz, it is stated, â€Å"One of the oldest questions in psychology, and in other fields such as philosophy, is whether humans have free will† (1).Seth Schwartz then furthers his questioning by discussing the idea of free will through previous neurological experiments.It is mentioned, that through a set of experiments conducted by neuroscientist Ben Libet, that free will does not exist (Schwartz, 2).This conclusion was made because Libet scanned individual’s brains and instructed them to simply move their arm.What he found was that the, â€Å"brain activity increased even before participants were aware of their decision to move their arm† (Schwartz, 2).He then concluded that, â€Å"the brain had somehow â€Å"decided† to make the moveme nt, and that the person became consciously aware of this decision only after it had already been made† (Schwartz, 2).Therefore, subconsciously, we make decisions, before we even realize that we made that decision. Now, this begs the question, is it possible to make your own decision if your mind subconsciously decides what you’re going to do before you even do it?One may see this question discussed within the article, â€Å"The True Meaning of Freedom† by doctor/professor at the University of Chicago, Alex Lickerman.In this article, Alex Lickerman discusses the book Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman.Kahneman discusses within his book that the human mind is broken into two systems: â€Å"the fast, unconscious thinker† and â€Å"the part of our minds we identify as us† (Lickerman, 2).The â€Å"fast, unconscious thinker† is what we as individuals would call our emotions and sense of survival.This includes our decisions to eat, sleep, drink water, get angry, get sad, etc.The second system is what we as individuals would consider normal.This includes deciding whether things are ok or not, such as picking your nose in public and, as previously discussed, homosexuality.Unlike the first system which comes from basic human nature, the second system comes from societal influences and previous experiences.This then ties back to the question, is it possible to make your own decision if your mind subconsciously decides what you’re going to do before you even do it?Both systems have an equal part in your subconscious mind, however, it is possible to attempt to ignore them, even though you will still find yourself attaching back to both systems. Overall, nobody truly has free will.In order to truly be free, one would have to both, live in a society with absolutely zero social expectations and ignore all basic human tendencies.Yet, that idea is unattainable.No matter what, societies will be formed, ideas of what’s right and wrong will be made, and we will always be bound to our subconscious mind.Perhaps, the best way to unleash your freedom, is to try to think for yourself and arrive at your own conclusions.Do whatever it is that you aspire to do and try not to let societal pressure cloud your judgement.